What is a Thyroid Nodule?
A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth of tissue that is located at the edge of the thyroid gland and can be felt or even seen as a lump in the neck. The thyroid is an endocrine gland situated in the low, front portion of the neck. Its function is to secrete Thyroid Hormones, which are vital to development and metabolism in the body. A healthy gland is smooth and uniform, however when a group of thyroid cells pocket together they form what is called a ‘nodule’. Many conditions alter the growth pattern of the thyroid gland and form these nodules.
Causes and Symptoms
Most thyroid nodules show little to no symptoms at all. However, some larger nodules can:
- Be felt
- Be seen as a swelling at the bottom of your neck
- Cause shortness of breath or difficulty swallowing
A main cause of thyroid nodule development is iodine deficiency, which the body needs in order to produce thyroid hormones.
How often is Cancer the Cause of a Nodule?
More than 90 percent of all thyroid nodules are noncancerous. Many retrospective studies have looked toward identifying clinical parameters associated with cancer, and the greatest risk factors include:
- Being younger than 20 or older than 70
- Having a firm, hard or an immobile nodule
- History of low does radiation to the head or the neck
Overall, less than 15 percent of nodules are cancerous and will cause little problems.
Treatment
If you have been diagnosed with a thyroid nodule, the first important step is to undergo a history and physical examination with a qualified ENT doctor. At Advanced Specialty Care we have strong otolaryngologists that can give you the best care you need. Since most nodules cannot simply be felt, an imaging study will be ordered to assess its size and characteristics. The best imaging would be an ultrasound, which requires no radiation exposure, is not very expensive, and most importantly is very accurate. Lab values will most likely be drawn to asses the function of the gland.
What Next?
If the results are suspicious for cancer, your ENT doctor will send you for a second ultrasound. However, this time it will guide the placement of a biopsy needle. The biopsy results will then dictate the appropriate course of treatment.
If you suspect you may have a thyroid nodule, please schedule a visit with one of our ENT specialists today to discuss how we can best help you. We have offices in Ridgefield, Danbury, New Milford, and Norwalk in Fairfield County, CT.